Instead of
Summer Solstice, summer begins on or about May 5th for the farmers following
the traditional Chinese calendar. And summer ends on calendar on Aug 7th,
though the summer heat may last well into September. The designation of
seasons in a Chinese calendar reflects more on the agricultural activities
than on the actual climates of the seasons. Spring begins early than the
actual prevalence of sprouting throughout nature to accommodate the preparation
of the ground for spring planting. Summer ends early to give way to the
need to start harvest.
In the summer
season there are two major festivals, the Dragon Boat Festival and the
Festival of the Dead. The Dragon boat festival falls on the fifth day of
the fifth month in the traditional Chinese calendar, which falls in May
or June in the Gregorian calendar. The three things that are often associated
with the festival are the dragon boat race, cooking sticky rice wrapped
in bamboo leaves and ridding the poisonous elements. The Dragon boat race
is said to have originated from the boat search of a patriotic poet Chu
Yuen who hurled himself into a river to proclaim his loyalty to his lord
in the Warlord period preceding the Chin Dynasty. To divert the fish and
the shrimps in the river where Chu Yuen committed suicide, people threw
rice wrapped in bamboo leaves into the river to feed the fish and shrimps
and keep them from feasting off his body. Summer time is prime for extreme
heat and draught, poisonous insect on the prowl, poisonous snakes out of
their caves and nasty contagious diseases on the rise. To help ease these
threats of summer, people hang insect repelling herbs over entryways, wear
scented bags, bath with water that has antiseptic herbs soaked in it and
drink liquors spiced with herbal medicine.
The entire
seventh month in the Chinese calendar is dedicated to the dead. It is said
that the underworld opens its gate on the first day of that month and closes
on the last day of that month. It is believed that the dead are free to
roam our world in this month. On the fifteenth day, the day of the full
moon, the Festival of the Dead is held. Every household prepares a feast
and offers it to the dead. Many people also believe that in this month,
catastrophical accidents are more likely to happen and go to the extreme
to avoid traveling by plane or even by train. Out of respect for the dead
and fear of the unknown, each region and trade celebrates this festival
a little different from another but all with elaborated and colorful details.
Fishermen are know to put lantern boats on water to make peace with those
that died at sea or in rivers. Temples often take on the responsibility
to pray for those who died without proper burial rituals. Alongside the
dangerous roadways, travelers burn paper moneys as peace offerings to those
died in traffic accidents.
The Japanese
have the Obon Festival, also a festival for the dead, in the July and August
time frame. During the festival, bonfires are set outside of homes and
lanterns hung everywhere during nighttime to guild spirits back from yonder.
Also meals are set out in shrines to feed the visiting spirits. On the
last day of the festival, paper boats are set on fire on bodies of water,
along the coast, on rivers, to carry and guild the visiting spirits back
to their yonder world dwellings.
It is interesting
that in the heat of summer when the vitality of life is at its strongest
would there be festivals for the dead. The underworld and the dead have
extreme element of Yin while the element of Yang, represented by the Sun,
the heat and the growth, all can be associated with summer. Perhaps it
is exactly because of the opposite in Yin and Yang elements that the summer
season is the proper time for the dead to visit us as Nature provides the
strongest counterbalance for the potential harm the extreme Yen could bring.
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